Walther (1988) describes the applied kinesiology approach as “functional neurology.” In this regard, manual muscle testing is used to evaluate aspects of the nervous system, the meridian system, neurolymphatic system, neurovascular reflexes, various organ systems, etc.
The applied kinesiology approach to manual muscle testing is subtler than that employed by followers of the method developed by Kendall and Kendall, who use it to evaluate the integrity of muscles and their nervous system supply. This involves a combination of manual muscle testing with touching specific points on the body, which is purported to assist in disclosing information relevant to the treatment of a structural, chemical, or mental problem.
(Goodheart, 1987) as a result of his unique applications of manual muscle testing and therapy localization (TL). Kinesiology is distinct from applied kinesiology, which was later developed by chiropractor George Goodheart, Jr. It has been a field integral to physical education and sports since the early 1900s. Kinesiology is the study of muscles and muscular movement ( kinesis, motion). For example, neuromuscular functioning is generally facilitated when the subject experiences positive emotions and muscular dysfunction is evidenced when the subject experiences distressing emotions. When manual muscle testing is employed to evaluate psychological issues, it is based on the observation that muscle functioning often evidences distinct characteristics when the patient brings to mind or experiences environmental stressors. This method, variably adapted, is widely employed by physical therapists, chiropractors, osteopaths, physiatrists, some body workers, and some psychotherapists, especially those who practice energy psychology. It is based in part on the self-evident fact that structural and nutritional deficits result in impaired muscle functioning, which can be assessed by physically assessing the strength of muscles. Manual Muscle Testing was developed by physical therapists, Florence and Henry Kendall (Kendall & Kendall, 1949), to evaluate muscle functions for diagnostic, treatment, and insurance purposes.
The application of manual muscle testing to the field of psychotherapy is also highlighted along with some controversy regarding energy psychology treatments that employ manual muscle testing as compared to those that utilize standard meridian stimulation routines that are often referred to as algorithms. This article discusses manual muscle testing and the distinctions between kinesiology and applied kinesiology.
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